Answer by Linh Vu for What is the difference between UTF-8 and Unicode?

Unicode: is a Coded Character Set - a mapping between a set of abstract characters and a set of integers (code points).

Code Point    <->   Character   DescriptionU+0041         |    A           Latin Capital letter A (https://symbl.cc/en/0041/)                U+0042         |    B           Latin Capital letter B (https://symbl.cc/en/0042/)...            |U+005A         |    Z           Latin Capital letter Z (https://symbl.cc/en/005A/)...            |U+5301         |    匁          Ideograph Japanese unit of weight (1/1000 of a kan) CJK 匁 (https://symbl.cc/en/5301/)...            |U+1F525        |    🔥          Fire Emoji (https://symbl.cc/en/1F525-fire-emoji/)

UTF-8: is a Character-Encoding Scheme - a mapping between one or more coded character sets (Unicode code points) and a set of octet (eight-bit byte) sequences.

Character   Code Point    <->   Bytes(Hex)A           U+0041         |    41                  (https://symbl.cc/en/0041/)B           U+0042         |    42                  (https://symbl.cc/en/0042/)...                        |Z           U+005A         |    5A                  (https://symbl.cc/en/005A/)...                        |匁          U+5301         |    E5 8C 81            (https://symbl.cc/en/5301/)...                        |🔥          U+1F525        |    F0 9F 94 A5         (https://symbl.cc/en/1F525-fire-emoji/)

Refer to Java Charset Class

If you're interested in Unicode and UTF-8 in Java, my video may help.